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Ivy Ledbetter Lee (July 16, 1877 – November 9, 1934) was an American publicity expert and a founder of modern public relations. The term Public Relations is to be found for the first time in the preface of the 1897 ''Yearbook of Railway Literature''. Is best known for his public relations work with the Rockefeller family. His first major client was the Pennsylvania railroad, followed by numerous major railroads such as the New York Central, the Baltimore and Ohio, and the Harriman lines. He established the Association of Railroad Executives as a public relations service for the entire industry. Lee provided advice to major industrial corporations, including steel, automobiles, tobacco, meatpacking, and rubber, as well as public utilities, banks, and even foreign governments. Lee pioneered the use of internal magazines to maintain employee morale, as well as management newsletters, stockholder reports, and news releases to the media. He did a great deal of pro bono work, and during World War I, he became the publicity director for the American Red Cross.〔Robert L. Heath, ed., ''Encyclopedia of public relations'' (2005) pp 482-86〕 ==Early life and career== Ivy Lee was born near Cedartown, Georgia, the son of a Methodist minister, James Wideman Lee, who founded an important Atlanta family. He studied at Emory College and then graduated from Princeton. He worked as a newspaper reporter and stringer. He was a journalist at the ''New York American'', the ''New York Times'', and the ''New York World''. He got his first job in 1903 as a publicity manager for the Citizens' Union. He authored the book ''The Best Administration New York City Ever Had''. He later took a job with the Democratic National Committee. Lee married Cornelia Bartlett Bigalow in 1901. They had three children: Alice Lee in 1902, James Wideman Lee II in 1906, and Ivy Lee, Jr. in 1909.〔http://diglib.princeton.edu〕 Together with George Parker, he established the nation's third public relations firm, Parker and Lee, in 1905. The new agency boasted of "Accuracy, Authenticity, and Interest." It made this partnership after working together in the Democratic Party headquarters handling publicity for Judge Alton Parker's unsuccessful presidential race against Theodore Roosevelt in 1904. The Parker and Lee firm lasted less than four years, but the junior partner, Lee, was to become one of the most influential pioneers in public relations. He evolved his philosophy in 1906 into the ''Declaration of Principles'', the first articulation of the concept that public relations practitioners have a public responsibility that extends beyond obligations to the client. In the same year, after the 1906 Atlantic City train wreck, Lee issued what is often considered to be the first press release, convincing the company to openly disclose information to journalists, before they could hear information from elsewhere. When Lee was hired full-time by the Pennsylvania Railroad in 1912, he was considered to be the first public relations person placed in an executive-level position. In fact, his archives reveal that he drafted one of the first job descriptions of a VP-level corporate public relations position. In 1919, he founded a public relations counseling office, Ivy Lee & Associates. During World War I, Lee served as a publicity director, and later as Assistant to the Chairman of the American Red Cross.〔 Through his sister Laura, Lee was an uncle to novelist William S. Burroughs. Ivy Lee died of a brain tumor at the age of 57.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ivy Lee」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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